Sec. 165.8. Definitions

(a) Similar varietal characteristics.

Similar varietal characteristics means that the potatoes in any lot have the same general shape, color and character of skin, and color of flesh.

(b) Firm.

Firm means that the potato is not shriveled or flabby.

(c) Clean.

Clean means that at least 90 percent of the potatoes in any lot are practically free from dirt or staining and practically no loose dirt or other foregin matter is present in the container.

(d) Fairly clean.

Fairly clean means that at least 90 percent of the potatoes in any lot are reasonably free from dirt or staining and not more than a slight amount of loose dirt or foreign matter is present in the container.

(e) Mature.

Mature means that the skins of the potatoes are generally firmly set and not more than five percent of the potatoes in the lot have more than one-tenth of the skin missing or feathered.

(f) Fairly well matured.

Fairly well matured means that the skins of the potatoes are generally fairly set and not more than 10 percent of the potatoes in the lot have more than one-fourth of the skin missing or feathered.

(g) Well shaped.

Well shaped means that the potato has the normal shape for the variety.

(h) Fairly well shaped.

Fairly well shaped means that the potato is not materially pointed, dumbbell-shaped or otherwise materially deformed.

(i) Seriously misshapen.

Seriously misshapen means that the potato is seriouly pointed, dumbbell-shaped or otherwise badly deformed.

(j) Injury.

Injury means any defect, or any combination of defects, which more than slightly detracts from the edible or marketing quality, or the internal or external appearance of the potato, or any internal defect outside of or not entirely confined within the vascular ring which cannot be removed without a loss of more than three percent of the total weight of the potato.

(k) Damage.

Damage means any defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the edible or marketing quality, or the internal or external appearance of the potato, or any external defect which cannot be removed without a loss of more than five percent of the total weight of the potato. See paragraph (2) of subdivision (o), Table III and paragraph (2) of subdivision (p), Table IV.

(l) Serious damage.

Serious damage means any defect or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the edible or marketing quality, or the internal or external appearance of the potato, or any external defect which cannot be removed without a loss of more than 10 percent of the total weight of the potato. See paragraph (2) of subdivision (o), Table III and paragraph (2) of subdivision (p), Table IV.

(m) Freezing.

Freezing means that the potato is frozen or shows evidence of having been frozen.

(n) Soft rot or wet breakdown.

Soft rot or wet breakdown means any soft, mushy, or leaky condition of the tissue such as slimy soft rot, leak, or wet breakdown following freezing injury.

(o) External defects.

(1) External defects are defects which can be detected externally. However, cutting may be required to determine the extent of the injury. Some external defects are listed in Table III.

(2) Table III.

TABLE III—EXTERNAL DEFECTS

Damage
Defect	When materially detracting from appearance of potato	—or—	When removal causes loss of more than five percent of total weight of potato	When seriously detracting from appearance of potato	—or—	When removal causes loss of more than 10 percent of total weight of potato
Air cracks	X			X
Bruises	X		X	X		X
Dirt	X			X
Enlarged lenticels	X			X
External discoloration	X			X
Flea Beetle injury	X		X	X		X
Greening	X		X	X		X
Rhizoctonia	X			X
Scab, pitted	X		X	X		X
Scab, russet	X			X
Scab, surface	When more than five percent of surface affected.			When more than 25 percent of surface affected.
Sunburn			X			X
Second growth	X			X
Growth cracks	X			X

Defects	Damage	Serious Damage
Wireworm or grass damage	When any hole in a potato 2½ inches in diameter or six ounces in weight is more than ¾ inch long, or when the aggregate length of all holes is more than 1¼ inches, or correspondingly shorter or longer holes in smaller or larger potatoes.	When any hole in a potato 2½ inches in diameter or six ounces in weight is more than 1½ inches long, or when the aggregate length of all holes is more than two inches, or correspondingly shorter or longer holes in smaller or larger potatoes.
Insects or worms	(See serious damage)	When present inside the potato.
Artificial coloring	When unsightly or when concealing any defect causing damage or when penetrating the flesh and removal causes loss of more than five percent of total weight of potato.	When concealing a serious defect or when penetrating into the flesh and removal cause loss of more then 10 percent of total weight of potato.
Sprouts	When more than 10 percent of the potatoes in any lot have any sprout more than ¾ inch in length or have individual sprouts or clusters of sprouts which materially detract from the appearance of the potato.

1

The following defects are considered serious damage when present in any degree: 1. Freezing; 2. Late blight; 3. Ring rot; 4. Southern bacterial wilt; 5. Soft rot; 6. Wet breakdown.

(p) Internal defects.

(1) Internal defects are defects which cannot be detected without cutting the potato. Some internal defects are listed in Table IV.

TABLE IV—INTERNAL DEFECTS

Defect	Damage	Serious Damage
Hollow Heart	When materially detracting from the internal appearance.	When seriously detracting from the internal appearance.
Ingrown sprouts	When removal causes a loss of more than five percent of the total weight of the potato.	When removal causes a loss of more than 10 percent of the total weight of the potato.
Internal discoloration occurring entirely within the vasular ring	When more than the equivalent of three scattered light brown spots ⅛ inch in diameter in a potato 2½ inches in diameter or six ounces in weight, or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes.	When more than the equivalent of six scattered light brown spots ⅛ inch in diameter in a potato 2½ inches in diameter or six ounces in weight, or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes.
Internal discoloration outside of or not entirely confined within the vascular ring	When removal causes a loss of more than five percent of the total weight of the potato.	When removal causes a loss of more than 10 percent of the total weight of the potato.

Notation

1

The following defects are considered serious damage when present in any degree: 1. Freezing; 2. Late blight; 3. Ring rot; 4. Southern bacterial wilt; 5. Soft rot; 6. Wet breakdown.